Johann Joseph Eugene von Guérard was an Austrian-born artist, active in Australia from 1852 until 1882. Known for his finely detailed landscapes in the tradition of the Düsseldorf school of painting, he is represented in Australia's major public galleries, and is referred to in the country as Eugene von Guerard.
Hideki Tojo was a Japanese politician and general of the Imperial Japanese Army who served as Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association for the majority of World War II. Before becoming Japan's head of government, Tojo was among the most outspoken proponents for preventive war against the United States during deliberations leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Upon becoming Prime Minister in October 17, 1941, he presided over the conquest of much of the West's territories in Asia and the Pacific until the defeat of Japanese forces at Midway and Guadalcanal. During his years in power, he also oversaw the perpetration of numerous war crimes including the systematic massacre and starvation of civilians and prisoners of war. As the war's tide increasingly turned against Japan, Tojo was forced to resign as Prime Minister on July 22, 1944. After Japan's surrender in September 1945, Tojo was arrested, convicted by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, sentenced to death, and hanged on December 23, 1948.
The Overland Campaign, also known as Grant's Overland Campaign and the Wilderness Campaign, was a series of battles fought in Virginia during May and June 1864, in the American Civil War. Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, general-in-chief of all Union armies, directed the actions of the Army of the Potomac, commanded by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, and other forces against Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Although Grant suffered severe losses during the campaign, it was a strategic Union victory. It inflicted proportionately higher losses on Lee's army and maneuvered it into a siege at Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia, in just over eight weeks.
Crossing the Rapidan River on May 4, 1864, Grant sought to defeat Lee's army by quickly placing his forces between Lee and Richmond and inviting an open battle. Lee surprised Grant by attacking the larger Union army aggressively in the Battle of the Wilderness, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides.